INFLECTION: PHONETIC CHANGES IN GENDER AND NUMBER

There are a set of cases with changes in both their stems and morphemes when dealing with both gender and number.

SINGULAR		PLURAL			ENGLISH
MASC.	FEM.		MASC.	FEM.
rus ros	russa rossa		russos rossos	russes rosses	Russian blond
capaç feliç			capaços feliços	capaces felices	able, capable happy
català italià	catalana italiana		catalans italians	catalanes italianes	Catalan Italian
ple xilè	plena xilena		plens xilens	plenes xilenes	full Chilean
masculí ballarí	masculina ballarina		masculins ballarins	masculines ballarines	male dancer(s)
rodó	rodons		rodona	rodones	round
cansat avorrit	cansada avorrida		cansats avorrits	cansades avorrides	tired bored
llop	lloba		llops	llobes	wolf (wolves)
serf	serva		serfs	serves	servant
nou intensiu esclau	nova intensiva esclava		nous intensius esclaus	noves intensives esclaves	new intensive slave

INFLECTION: FORMATION OF PLURAL

1. The transformation of singular into plural affects both nouns and adjectives.

2. The following table refers to the main procedures to form the plural.

Observe the spelling changes of the last row, which turn out necessary because of the change /a/ > /es/

SINGULAR	PLURAL		ENGLISH
cafè sofà tabú	cafès sofàs tabús		coffee(s) sofa(s) taboo(s)
viatge mosso secretari individu	viatges mossos secretaris individus		youngster secretaries fellow(s)
important gran dolent esplèndid ridícul absurd malalt cansat llop serf cambrer sabater pastisser botiguer	importants grans dolents esplèndids ridículs absurds malalts cansats llops serfs cambrers sabaters pastissers botiguers		important big, great bad splendid ridiculous absurd ill tired wolf > wolves servant(s) waiter(s) shoemaker(s) pastry cook(s) shopkeeper(s)
francès portuguès mestís pastís animalàs rus ros progrés accés	francesos portuguesos mestissos pastissos animalassos russos rossos progressos accessos		French Portuguese half-blood cake(s) big animal(s) Russian blond progress(es) access(es)
català italià americà llunyà	catalans italians americans llunyans		Catalans Italians Americans remote
ple xilè	plens xilens		full Chilean(s)
masculí femení ballarí camí	masculins femenins ballarins camins		masculine feminine dancer way(s), path(s)
rodó campió ressò	rodons campions ressons		round champion(s) echo(s)
comú	comuns		common
feliç capaç	feliços(m.) capaços	felices (f.) capaces	happy able, capable
belga	belgues		Belgian
casa vaca taronja concordança garriga	cases vaques taronges concordances garrigues		house(s) cow(s) orange(s) agreement(s) garrigue, phrygana

 As for feliç and capaç see here.

INFLECTION: FORMATION OF FEMININE

1. The transformation of masculine into feminine affects nouns and adjectives. When gender is related to sex, the unmarked masculine form may take a feminine form. The procedures do get it are quite different in Catalan.

2. The following table refers to the main procedures to form the feminine. Observe that in some cases no morpheme is added, which means that both masculine and feminine are alike. No difference is made between nouns and adjectives (the case of abellot and cabrot corresponds to masculine nouns formed from feminine ones).

The hand on the left refers to exceptions.

MASCULINE			FEMININE	ENGLISH
important gran				important big
F		dolent	dolenta	bad
esplèndid ridícul absurd malalt prim			esplèndida ridícula absurda malalta prima	splendid ridiculous absurd ill thin
francès portuguès meravellós grandiós			francesa portuguesa meravellosa grandiosa	French Portuguese wonderful grand, great
cansat sofisticat advocat nebot			cansada sofisticada advocada neboda	tired sophisticated lawyer niece
F	candidat remot net		candidata remota neta	candidate remote clean
llop			lloba	wolf
serf			serva	servant
cambrer sabater pastisser botiguer			cambrera sabatera pastissera botiguera	waiter > waitress shoemaker pastry maker shopkeeper
oficinista especialista taxista				clerk specialist taxi driver
fiscal addicional original individual nacional				attorney additional original individual national
secretari empresari			secretària empresària	secretary entrepreneur
relatiu educatiu escandinau esclau nou			relativa educativa escandinava esclava nova	relative educational Scandinavian slave new
hebreu europeu			hebrea europea	Hebrew European
F	hereu jueu		hereva jueva	heir Jew(ish)
català italià americà llunyà			catalana italiana americana llunyana	Catalan Italian American remote
ple xilè			plena xilena	full Chilean
masculí femení ballarí			masculina femenina ballarina	masculine feminine dancer (> ballerina)
rodó campió			rodona campiona	round champion
comú			comuna	common
amic grec			amiga grega	friend Greek
públic científic			pública científica	public scientific; scientist
mestre			mestra	teacher
professor lector elector			professora lectora electora	teacher, lecturer assistant teacher elector
rus ros mestís gros			russa rossa mestissa grossa	Russian blond half-blood gross, fat
feliç capaç				happy capable
mosso maco guapo			mossa maca guapa	youngster nice, funny handsome > pretty
superflu vidu nu cru			supèrflua vídua nua crua	superfluous widower > widow naked raw
biòleg filòleg psicòleg			biòloga filòloga psicòloga	biologist philologist psychologist
salvatge suïcida homicida jove belga				wild self-murderer murderer young Belgian
poeta príncep duc marquès comte vampir diable hoste jutge sacerdot déu			poetessa (old-fashioned) princesa duquessa marquesa comtessa vampiressa diablessa hostessa jutgessa sacerdotessa dea/deessa	poet prince > princess duke > duchess marquis > marquise count > countess vampire devil host judge priest > priestess god > goddess
heroi gall tsar			heroïna gallina tsarina	hero > heroine rooster > hen tsar > tsarina
emperador ambaixador actor			emperadriu ambaixadora/ambaixadriu actriu	emperor > empress ambassador actor > actress
abellot bruixot cabrot			abella bruixa cabra	bee wizard > witch goat
ase cavall pare home toro, bou gos oncle marit porc			somera euga/egua mare dona vaca gossa/cussa tia dona truja	donkey horse (> mare) father > mother man > woman bull > cow dog uncle > aunt husband > wife pig