Here you will find a glossary containing the explanation of many of the grammatical terms you've come across on the grammar posts.
auxiliary/modal verb: a verb whose only purpose is to complete the lexical verb's scope by adding information. Auxiliary and modal English verbs are: be, have, can, must, will, shall, etc.
clause: a grammatical unit containing a lexical verb (finite or non-finite). A clause may work out as a simple sentence, but a complex sentence is made up of two or more clauses, one of them being the main clause and the other(s) being the dependent one(s).
diathesis: verbal voice
diathetiser: auxiliary verb or other word that is used to express any voice other than active. For the passive voice Catalan uses the verb ser (> el pont és destruït, while for the ergative and the impersonal middle voices the clitic se is used: la cadira es va trencar.
finite-form: inflected verbal form. See also non-finite form.
clause: a grammatical unit containing a lexical verb (finite or non-finite). A clause may work out as a simple sentence, but a complex sentence is made up of two or more clauses, one of them being the main clause and the other(s) being the dependent one(s).
diathesis: verbal voice
diathetiser: auxiliary verb or other word that is used to express any voice other than active. For the passive voice Catalan uses the verb ser (> el pont és destruït, while for the ergative and the impersonal middle voices the clitic se is used: la cadira es va trencar.
finite-form: inflected verbal form. See also non-finite form.
head: a head is the main word of a group of words having one function (see also phrase)
infix: a morpheme placed between the stem and the ending. In Catalan, most 3rd conjugation verbs have an infix: pateixes
inflection: the capability of a noun, verb or adjective to take endings to express different realities such as gender, number or time (in the case of verbs, only).
focalise: the act of moving a sentence component into the focus position in order to emphasize it.
focus: the movement into the left of a sentence component in order to be emphasized or remark, as in English Hardly had I arrived when I got a call, instead the normal sentence: I had hardly arrived when I got a call.
lexeme: a lexeme is like the root of any word, which contains the lexical information. In English, most words are lexemes. A word containing feminine and plural information possesses also morphemes: hero-ine-s.
lexical verb: a verb having a 'dictionary' meaning. More than 99% are lexical verbs. See also auxiliary/modal verb.
linker: any word used to link two different clauses. Some English examples of linkers are: that, if, whether, because, but, etc.
moneme: a moneme is similar to a word. Monemes are units made up by lexemes and morphemes. A moneme may be formed just by a lexeme, but not just by morphemes.
morpheme: morphemes are parts of words usually placed after the lexeme, giving information about gender, number, and so on (see lexeme)
non-finite form: verbal form with no inflection, i.e.: infinitive, gerund and participle. Seel also finite form.
partitive: a construction or a word expressing a part of a whole. In English a little + NOUN is a simple partitive construction: a little bread. French is the Romance language expressing more accurately partitiveness, as in Je veux du pain (= 'I want <some> bread); or even: On veut de la liberté d'expression (='freedom of speech is wanted')
periphrasis: a cluster of two or more verbs where only one is lexical (possessing meaning) and the rest are auxiliary or modal ones.
periphrastical conjugation: a verbal conjugation with an auxiliary or modal verb, like for example: vaig veure (= I saw)
focalise: the act of moving a sentence component into the focus position in order to emphasize it.
focus: the movement into the left of a sentence component in order to be emphasized or remark, as in English Hardly had I arrived when I got a call, instead the normal sentence: I had hardly arrived when I got a call.
lexeme: a lexeme is like the root of any word, which contains the lexical information. In English, most words are lexemes. A word containing feminine and plural information possesses also morphemes: hero-ine-s.
lexical verb: a verb having a 'dictionary' meaning. More than 99% are lexical verbs. See also auxiliary/modal verb.
linker: any word used to link two different clauses. Some English examples of linkers are: that, if, whether, because, but, etc.
moneme: a moneme is similar to a word. Monemes are units made up by lexemes and morphemes. A moneme may be formed just by a lexeme, but not just by morphemes.
morpheme: morphemes are parts of words usually placed after the lexeme, giving information about gender, number, and so on (see lexeme)
non-finite form: verbal form with no inflection, i.e.: infinitive, gerund and participle. Seel also finite form.
partitive: a construction or a word expressing a part of a whole. In English a little + NOUN is a simple partitive construction: a little bread. French is the Romance language expressing more accurately partitiveness, as in Je veux du pain (= 'I want <some> bread); or even: On veut de la liberté d'expression (='freedom of speech is wanted')
periphrasis: a cluster of two or more verbs where only one is lexical (possessing meaning) and the rest are auxiliary or modal ones.
periphrastical conjugation: a verbal conjugation with an auxiliary or modal verb, like for example: vaig veure (= I saw)
phrase: set of words working as a unit, where one of them is deemed to be the main one; so Noun Phrases are noun-centered, so that a noun is accompanied by several other word (articles, adjectives...), where the noun is the most important one, it is its head. An example of a Catalan Noun Phrases is: el meu nou amic.
pleonasm: the iterative use of a clitic when the function to which it refers has moved leftwards. So, in Catalan, a normal sentence like: Vaig veure el noi al carrer would be rewritten as El nen, el vaig veure al carrer, with a clitic reminding where the focalised object comes from (see also focus)
predicate: a predicate is a lexical verb, working out as the head of a clause. Predicates may have finite or non-finite form.
referent: relative pronouns or relators refer to a previous word in the main clause that they 'reproduce', as in the English sentence: The man that you met yesterday is Mike. In this example, that refers to man, because this relative clause is the result of melting two sentences into one: That is man called Mike; you have met that man.
pleonasm: the iterative use of a clitic when the function to which it refers has moved leftwards. So, in Catalan, a normal sentence like: Vaig veure el noi al carrer would be rewritten as El nen, el vaig veure al carrer, with a clitic reminding where the focalised object comes from (see also focus)
predicate: a predicate is a lexical verb, working out as the head of a clause. Predicates may have finite or non-finite form.
referent: relative pronouns or relators refer to a previous word in the main clause that they 'reproduce', as in the English sentence: The man that you met yesterday is Mike. In this example, that refers to man, because this relative clause is the result of melting two sentences into one: That is man called Mike; you have met that man.
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